Renewable energy technologies have become increasingly important in agriculture, especially in the regions experiencing energy insecurity and groundwater shortages. This study examines the key factors influencing the adoption of solar water pumping systems (SWPS) among farmers in West Bengal, India, a state with high solar potential. A total of 150 farmers has been interviewed to collect data on their adoption of SWPS. Factor analysis was employed using IBM SPSS software for the analysis. In the study, three main factors were identified as contributing to adoption behavior: institutional support, economic benefits, and technical benefits, which together explained over 62.483 percent variance in adoption behavior. Integrated policies are needed that combine financial incentives, capacity building, and technical support to encourage equitable and widespread adoption of solar irrigation. This study offers valuable insights to policymakers, development agencies, and stakeholders working to enhance energy access, promote climate-resilient agriculture, and accelerate the transition to green energy.