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THE JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES: THEORY AND PRACTICE, V.77, # 2, 2020, pp. 4-39


                    random stratified sample of (415) male and female teachers, and the results showed
                    that  the  total  score  for  the  practice  of  transformational  leadership  in  government
                    schools  in  Ma'an  Governorate  was  highly  appreciated  from  the  teachers'  point  of
                    view.  At  the  level  of  domains,  the  gravitational  field  (ideal  effect)  obtained  the
                    highest  average,  the  field  of  individual  consideration  and  finally  the  inspirational
                    stimulus,  all  of  which  were  rated  (large),  in  addition  to  that,  no  statistically
                    significant differences appeared in the degree of transformational leadership practice
                    attributable to the variables of gender, experience, and the presence of A strong and
                    statistically  significant  relationship  between  the  degree  of  transformational
                    leadership  practice  among  public  school  principals  in  Ma'an  governorate  and  the
                    level of organizational confidence of teachers.
                    The study (Abdel-Aal, 2019) One of the most important objectives of this study is to
                    identify the foundations and basic requirements of information technology and the
                    determinants  of  strategic  agility  in  Egyptian  universities  in  general  and  Sohag
                    University  specifically,  and  the  study  population  is  represented  by  the  faculty
                    members at Sohag University. As for the study sample, it is a simple random sample
                    representing the original complex. The use of the Lava Crownbach test to measure
                    the stability of the tool. The data were analyzed using the (Spss) program. The most
                    important results of this study of information systems technology have a great role
                    in achieving strategic agility in Egyptian universities by contributing to an effective
                    role in supporting the agility of decision-making, and increasing the effectiveness
                    and  efficiency  of  the  university.  The  most  important  recommendations  that  were
                    recorded in this study are the necessity of developing a comprehensive strategy at
                    the  university  level  for  information  technology  to  achieve  strategic  agility  and
                    develop patterns of interaction and inter-relationships between university colleges,
                    departments  and administrative units on the one hand, and between them and the
                    relevant organizations and administrative bodies on the other hand. Al-Jarida (2018)
                    conducted a study aimed at identifying the degree of school principals' practice of
                    transformational leadership in the Al-Batinah South Governorate in the Sultanate of
                    Oman, and its relationship to the level of functional loyalty of teachers with them.
                    To achieve the aim of the study, a questionnaire was constructed consisting of (54)
                    items distributed in (4) main areas. After ascertaining the indications of its validity
                    and reliability, it was applied to (441) school principals, their assistants, and early
                    teachers.  The  study  found  a  set  of  results,  the  most  important  of  which  are:  The
                    degree  to  which  school  principals  in  the  Al  Batinah  South  Governorate  in  the
                    Sultanate of Oman practiced transformational leadership was high, and that the level
                    of functional  loyalty  to  teachers was  high, and the results  indicated a statistically
                    significant  correlation  between  the  degree  of  practice  of  school  principals  in  the

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